One of the question explanations gave the polarity ranking as:
carboxylic acid > amide > alcohol > amine > aldehyde/ketone > ester > ether > alkane

However, while researching the topic, a different outside source says:
Amide > Carboxylic Acid > Alcohol > Ketone ~ Aldehyde > Amine > Ester > Ether > Alkane

I'm not sure which one to go by. Please provide any guidance.

The first one is correct. Alcohols are higher in priority than amines. And carboxylic acids are higher in priority than amides. Hope this makes sense.